Sources & References

Official Sources & References

All UPI MDR rules on UPIMDR.com are based on publicly available official sources. Each rule cites its source, publication date and last verification date.

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Primary Government Sources

Zero MDR for UPI and RuPay — Government of India Announcement
Press Information Bureau · Government of India · Published: December 2019

The Government of India announced that with effect from 1 January 2020, no MDR would be charged on UPI transactions and RuPay debit card transactions. Banks and payment service providers are compensated through a government-backed scheme.

Effective: 1 January 2020 · Last verified: 18 September 2026
View Source — PIB.gov.in →
Union Budget 2020-21 — UPI MDR Provisions
Ministry of Finance · Government of India · Published: February 2020

The Union Budget 2020-21 formalised the zero-MDR provision for UPI and RuPay. Businesses with turnover above ₹50 crore are mandated to offer UPI and RuPay payment options.

Effective: 1 February 2020 · Last verified: 18 September 2026
View Source — IndiaB udget.gov.in →

NPCI Sources

NPCI UPI Circulars — MDR Framework
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)

NPCI periodically issues circulars governing UPI transaction fees, including MDR applicability for different merchant categories such as essential sectors (fuel, insurance, telecom) and capital markets.

Last verified: 18 September 2026
View NPCI Circulars →

RBI Sources

RBI — Payment and Settlement Systems
Reserve Bank of India

RBI regulates payment systems including UPI. The RBI website contains master directions and circulars on payment infrastructure, charges, and merchant acquiring frameworks.

View RBI Website →
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Verification process: Rules on UPIMDR.com are reviewed periodically against official sources. When NPCI, RBI or the Government of India updates UPI MDR rules, we update the calculator configuration and source page. The "last verified" date shown throughout the site reflects the most recent verification. If you notice a discrepancy between our data and official sources, please contact us.